Release of Antibiotic-Resistance Genes from Hospitals and a Wastewater Treatment Plant in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

نویسندگان

چکیده

Hospitals and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are high-risk point sources of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study investigates the occurrence clinically relevant ARGs (sul1, tet(B), blaCTX-M, blaNDM-1, qnrS) a class one integron (intI1) gene in urban rivers, hospitals, municipal Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Twenty-five water samples were collected from three six plant to determine concentrations intI1 using quantitative polymerase chain reactions. From results, all tested detected river water; also, WWTP hospital effluents varied 6.2 12.5 log10 copies/L, highlighting role hospitals dissemination ARGs. Except for significant positive correlations found between other individual (r = 0.71–0.96, p < 0.05), indicating probable implications transfer Furthermore, this supports statement that blaNDM-1 is most likely be spread environment through untreated wastewater. Due interaction surface groundwater, future research should focus on factors associated with increase/decrease their concentration levels drinking Valley.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Water

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['2073-4441']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192733